International Polar Year - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The International Polar Year (or IPY) is a collaborative, international effort researching the polar regions. Karl Weyprecht, an Austro- Hungarian naval officer, motivated the endeavor, but died before the first Polar year was conducted in 1. Fifty years later (1. The International Geophysical Year was inspired by the IPY and occurred 7. IPY (1. 95. 7. The chair of the International Planning Group, established within the ICSU, was Professor Chris Rapley and Dr. The Director of the IPY International Programme Office was Dr David Carlson. Lessons and Legacies of International Polar Year 2. Activities at both poles led to scientific discoveries that provided a step change in scientific understanding and helped translate scientific knowledge into policy- relevant information. This project was made possible with support from the Government of Canada Program for International Polar Year. The report found that, at a time when the polar regions are undergoing a transformation from an icy wilderness to a new zone for human affairs, these insights could not be more timely or more relevant. Circulatory systems for air and water reach the surface, as do the majority of the Earth's magnetic field lines. Thick glaciers have trapped air and water from ancient times. It is easiest to observe these phenomena near the poles. Unfortunately, the poles are expensive places to visit, because they are distant, cold and deserted; infrastructure is sparse and the terrain is rough in polar regions (often consisting of ice blocks with crevasses between them). International cooperative programs share the costs and maximize the number of coordinated scientific observations. The IPY is the most famous example of such a cooperative program. History. They argued for a coordinated scientific approach, with observers making coordinated geophysical measurements at several locations during the same year. This would permit more views of the same phenomena, allowing more valuable interpretation of the available data, with only slightly more total money. Seven years were required to organize the collaboration. There were 1. 2 expeditions to the Arctic and three to the Antarctic. Twelve nations participated: Austro- Hungarian Empire, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, Canada, and United States. Tragically, 1. 7 of the 2. Americans involved in the Arctic expedition starved to death during the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition, which was commanded by Adolphus Greely and was part of the first IPY of 1. A supply ship was missed, leading to the disaster where several bodies were consumed by the survivors. Observations included meteorology, geomagnetism, auroral phenomena, ocean currents, tides, structure and motion of ice and atmospheric electricity. More than 4. 0 meteorological observatories around the world expanded their programs of observations for this period. Data and images from the First International Polar Year have very recently been made available for browsing and download on the Web. These records of the First International Polar Year offer a rare glimpse of the circumpolar Arctic environment as it existed in the past and hold the potential to improve our understanding of historical climate variability and environmental change in the Arctic. Shortly after World War I, mysterious, often defective behaviour in telegraph, radio and electric power and telephone lines began to persuade engineers and scientists that the electrical geophysics of the Earth needed more study. The airplane, motorized sea and land transport and new instruments made the proposals more interesting. INteRNatIoNaL PoLaR yeaR 2007-2008 An Overview of Research Goals and Activities National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Engineering Institute of Medicine. International Polar Year has provided the. International Polar Year is the largest-ever program of multi. In 1. 92. 7 a proposal came before an International Meteorological Committee. In 1. 92. 8 the committee submitted a detailed report to an international conference of directors of meteorological services at Copenhagen. Part of one of the resolutions follows.. This increased knowledge will be of practical application to problems connected with terrestrial magnetism, marine and aerial navigation, wireless telegraphy and weather forecasting. The conference suggested observing in 1. Forty- four nations participated, and a vast amount of data was collected. A world data center was created under the organization that eventually came to be called the International Meteorological Organization. By most accounts, the privations of these two early operations were extreme, with the men spending less than 1. In the 1. 95. 0s new instrumentation, including especially rocketry and seismography, inspired U. S. The International Council of Scientific Unions, a parent body, broadened the proposals from polar studies to geophysical research, renaming the effort the International Geophysical Year (which see). More than 7. 0 existing national scientific organizations then formed IGY committees, and participated in the cooperative effort. The IGY took place from July 1. December 1. 95. 8. While the IGY had taken place when the sun was at maximum output, this was followed by an examination of the sun and related geophysical phenomena at the low point in the solar cycle, the International Year of the Quiet Sun (IQSY). This lasted from July 1. December 1. 96. 4. Canadian Contribution. Led by University of Manitoba.
Professor David Barber, a Canada Research Chair, the project involved more than 3. University of Manitoba. Based aboard the research icebreaker, CCGS Amundsen, the CFL project examined the . CFL scientists are working closely with northern residents to understand how global climate change is affecting the nature of the flaw lead system in the Northern Hemisphere, and how it is expected to impact the circumpolar Arctic in the coming years. The project involved over- wintering the Amundsen in the Banks Island flaw lead in the Southern Beaufort Sea, the first time this has ever been done. Princess Elisabeth Polar Science Station. Costing $1. 6. 3 million, the prefabricated station, which is part of International Polar Year, will be shipped to Antarctica from Belgium (to monitor the health of the polar regions, using icebreakers, satellites, stations and submarines). Belgian polar explorer Alain Hubert stated that . In the obverse of the coin, a view of the polar station with it three wind turbines can be seen. Commemorative coin controversy. Copies of this book are available for free pdf download by clicking on the included link. References. The Toronto Star - www.
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